Anti-Dühring (in German Herrn Eugen Dührings Umwälzung der Wissenschaft) is a book written by Friedrich Engels, first published in 1878. The first edition was published as a newspaper serial in German.

This book was Engels' most important contribution to Marxist theory. Its full title “Mr. Eugen Dühring Revolutionizes Science” has an ironic and polemical meaning. The title Anti-Dühring refers to a writing by Julius Caesar, the Anti-Cathon.

The book deals with philosophy, political economy and socialism, and is a response to the philosopher Eugen Dühring, who had produced his own version of socialism, with the intention of replacing Marxism. As Marx was busy at the time writing Capital, Engels took over the drafting of this defense.

Among communists, the book is a popular and wide-ranging work, considered, as Engels wrote to Marx, an attempt \"to produce an encyclopedic survey of our conception of philosophical, scientific-natural and historical problems.\”

Part of the book was published separately in From Utopian Socialism to Scientific Socialism.